Supaveda · Ingredient Spotlight
Amla
Phyllanthus emblica L. — Indian Gooseberry
Also known as: Emblica officinalis · Dhatri · Vayastha · Aonla · Amla Berry · Shriphala
Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) is the fruit at the heart of Chyawanprash, the soul of Triphala, and one of Ayurveda's three supreme Rasayana fruits. Known in Sanskrit as Dhatri — "the nurse" or "the sustainer" — it is the herb that classical physicians returned to again and again when they needed to rebuild the body, protect the tissues, and counter the effects of ageing. Modern science has confirmed why: Amla contains one of the most sophisticated antioxidant systems found in any plant food on Earth.
A small deciduous tree found across the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and southern China, P. emblica produces pale yellow-green berries with an extraordinary phytochemical profile — dominated by heat-stable Vitamin C complexes unique to this species, alongside ellagitannins, emblicanins, and polyphenols that act synergistically to protect DNA, maintain cellular integrity, and modulate virtually every major axis of metabolic health. 1 A 2023 comprehensive review in Frontiers in Pharmacology (PMC10637531) confirmed pharmacological activities spanning antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-dyslipidaemic domains. 2
At a Glance — Key Evidence-Backed Benefits
The First Tree — Sacred, Ancient, Extraordinary
In Indian mythology, Amla is described as the very first tree to have appeared on Earth — born from the first drops of nectar (amrita) to fall from the heavens. While mythology, the symbolism is medically meaningful: ancient physicians chose Amla as the foundational Rasayana fruit, the primary ingredient of Chyawanprash, and the foremost of the three Triphala fruits for one straightforward reason — no other single food available to them came close to matching its depth of nutritional and medicinal potency. 3
Its Sanskrit name Vayastha — "age maintainer" — encodes the core Ayurvedic observation about Amla. Its name Dhatri — "the nurse" or "the one who sustains the dhatus (body tissues)" — describes its nourishing action across all seven tissue levels. And its description in classical texts as Phalottama — "the best of all fruits" — is not hyperbole. Modern nutritional chemistry has confirmed that Amla's antioxidant content, Vitamin C profile, and breadth of bioactive compounds are genuinely exceptional in the plant kingdom. 3
Traditional Ayurvedic Uses
Amla appears in more classical Ayurvedic formulas than almost any other single ingredient — it is the primary fruit in Chyawanprash (the most famous Rasayana formula), one of three equal components of Triphala (the most universally prescribed Ayurvedic formula), and a standalone Rasayana in its own right. The Charaka Samhita describes Amla as the foremost of all Medhya Rasayana — rejuvenatives specifically for the brain and intelligence — and as one of the five most important herbs in all of Ayurveda. 3
Ayurvedic Properties (Guna)
Like Triphala, Amla possesses five of the six possible tastes (missing only salty) — a remarkable pharmacological breadth in classical terms that is directly correlated with its extraordinary phytochemical diversity in modern analysis.
Conditions Traditionally Treated
- General rejuvenation and anti-ageing — foremost Medhya Rasayana (brain and tissue rejuvenative)
- Digestive disorders — hyperacidity, gastric ulcer, IBS, constipation; cooling and demulcent
- Eye health (Chakshushya) — vision support; classical eye tonic herb
- Hair health — prevents greying, strengthens follicles, reduces hair fall; the primary hair Rasayana
- Skin health — complexion-brightening (Varnya), anti-ageing, wound-healing
- Liver conditions — liver-protective, detoxifying, supports fat metabolism
- Bleeding disorders (Raktapitta) — stops haemorrhage; cooling excess Pitta
- Respiratory conditions — expectorant; reduces Kapha-type mucus
- Diabetes and metabolic syndrome
- Immunity — foremost immune Rasayana ingredient in Chyawanprash
The Emblicanins — Amla's Unique Antioxidant Advantage
🔬 Emblicanins A & B — What Makes Amla's Vitamin C Unique
The standard claim that Amla contains "20× the Vitamin C of an orange" requires qualification to be accurately understood. The Vitamin C in Amla is not primarily free ascorbic acid — it exists largely bound within complex chromone-ellagitannin molecules called emblicanin A and emblicanin B, unique to Phyllanthus emblica. This distinction is clinically significant for two reasons. First, unlike free ascorbic acid which degrades rapidly with heat and oxidation, emblicanins are heat-stable — retaining bioactivity when Amla powder is mixed into warm preparations, cooked into Chyawanprash, or processed into standardised extracts. Second, emblicanins have demonstrated antioxidant potency of approximately 3× free Vitamin C in certain standardised assays, and have a longer biological half-life in plasma. 1 Amla's total Vitamin C equivalent (combining free ascorbic acid with the emblicanin-bound forms) is typically 20× that of an orange by mass — but the heat-stability and extended plasma half-life make it functionally superior to raw Vitamin C for therapeutic applications. This is why Chyawanprash — a preparation that involves cooking — retains its Vitamin C activity while raw orange juice would lose most of it.
Key Active Compounds
The 2023 Frontiers in Pharmacology comprehensive review confirmed Amla's phytochemical profile as one of the most complex of any fruit — dominated by hydrolysable tannins and ellagitannins alongside the unique emblicanins, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid. 2
Primary Bioactive Constituents
DNA & Telomere Protection — The Science of Cellular Longevity
Of all Amla's validated properties, perhaps the most scientifically compelling for the modern reader is its demonstrated capacity to protect DNA from oxidative damage and maintain the enzyme responsible for telomere integrity — the molecular mechanisms most directly linked to biological ageing. These are not speculative connections: they are validated by peer-reviewed human clinical studies. 45
Amla's Three Layers of DNA & Cellular Protection
The honest scientific framing of these findings matters. The telomerase study showed increased telomerase activity, not increased telomere length — a distinction that reflects the mechanism precisely: the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomeres was reactivated, preventing the progressive erosion that would otherwise occur, rather than reversing already-shortened telomeres. The DNA repair capacity study shows preservation of repair function rather than a cure for DNA damage. And the 8-OHdG RCT demonstrates reduced ongoing oxidative DNA damage — protecting the template rather than repairing accumulated errors. Together, these three findings paint a coherent picture of Amla as a genuinely protective herb for cellular longevity — working upstream of the ageing process rather than downstream of it.
What the Research Says
The double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial by Usharani et al. (2019, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, PMC6926135) enrolled healthy Japanese volunteers and assessed the effects of Amla supplementation on multiple vascular, metabolic, and oxidative biomarkers. Among the most significant findings was a significant decrease in urinary 8-OHdG excretion — 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine is the gold-standard validated biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, representing the oxidised form of a DNA nucleoside released into urine when DNA bases are damaged by ROS and repaired by base excision repair (BER). 4 The authors concluded that Amla supplementation reduces oxidative DNA damage through two mechanisms: first, direct ROS quenching by polyphenols and Vitamin C prevents the formation of DNA lesions; second, ellagitannin and polyphenol metabolites absorbed by cell tissues enhance the antioxidant protection of the DNA template during normal cellular metabolism. The study also showed significant improvements in endothelial function (vWF reduction), platelet aggregation, and oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS reduction), confirming systemic antioxidant effects beyond DNA protection alone.
Two human clinical studies specifically address Amla's effects on telomere biology. Guruprasad et al. (2017, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, PMC5497001) administered Amalaki Rasayana to healthy aged volunteers (45–60 years) for 45 days and measured telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) — the immune cells in circulation most accessible for sampling. The treatment group showed a significant increase in telomerase activity compared to placebo, with no significant change in absolute telomere length, indicating the enzyme was reactivated to maintain length rather than reverse prior shortening. 5 Vishwanatha et al. (2016, Journal of Ethnopharmacology) complemented this in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrating that Amalaki Rasayana stably maintained UVC-induced DNA strand break repair capacity in aged individuals — showing preservation of the body's active DNA damage repair machinery. Together these two studies establish Amla as acting on both the protective side (reducing oxidative DNA damage via antioxidants) and the restorative side (maintaining telomerase activity and DNA repair capacity) of cellular ageing — a dual action that precisely matches the Ayurvedic classification of Amalaki as the foremost Vayastha (age-maintaining) Rasayana.
The systematic review and meta-analysis by Setayesh et al. (2023, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, PubMed PMID 36934568) pooled all available randomised controlled trials evaluating Amla supplementation's effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The pooled analysis confirmed statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, alongside a trend toward CRP reduction — confirming both hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effects across multiple independent trials. 6 Mechanistically, the lipid-lowering effects operate through multiple pathways: punigluconin and pedunculagin reduce LDL oxidation in macrophages by up to 90% (preventing oxidised LDL from forming atherosclerotic plaques); quercetin and rutin strengthen capillary walls and reduce vascular inflammation; and gallic acid inhibits HMG-CoA reductase — the same target as statin drugs. 1 A separate earlier RCT in T2DM patients found platelet aggregation significantly reduced at 500 mg/day of Amla polyphenol extract — confirming anti-thrombotic effects relevant to cardiovascular risk management. 7
Multiple clinical studies and the 2023 meta-analysis confirm Amla's antidiabetic properties. A clinical study (Walia et al., 2015) in adults with T2DM found Amla powder supplementation significantly improved fasting blood glucose and lipid profile over 21 days. 6 A randomised crossover trial specifically evaluating Amla polyphenols (emblicanin A and B, punigluconin, pedunculagin) in T2DM subjects at 500 mg/day found significantly reduced platelet aggregation, improved oxidative markers, and improved endothelial function across both single-dose and repeated-dose regimens. 7 The antidiabetic mechanisms involve: gallic acid inhibiting α-glucosidase (reducing post-meal glucose absorption); emblicanins improving insulin receptor sensitivity; the antioxidant capacity protecting pancreatic beta cell function from oxidative damage (the primary progressive driver of T2DM deterioration); and the anti-inflammatory effects reducing the chronic low-grade inflammation that underlies insulin resistance. The combination of β-cell protection, insulin sensitisation, and glucose absorption inhibition makes Amla a multi-mechanism antidiabetic herb — consistent with its inclusion in both SupaImmune (the anti-oxidative stress dimension) and Triphala Powder (the metabolic regulation dimension). 2
Amla's hepatoprotective (liver-protective) properties are among its most consistently documented across preclinical and clinical research. A 2016 study (Yamamoto et al., Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity) in a murine skeletal muscle cell line found that Amla supplementation enhances mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis (creation of new mitochondria) and antioxidant systems. 8 This mitochondrial enhancement is directly relevant to both the anti-ageing and DNA protective properties: mitochondria are the primary generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage telomeres and DNA — when mitochondrial function is optimal, fewer ROS are produced and the protective antioxidant system is sufficient to neutralise them. This creates a direct mechanistic connection: Amla's emblicanins protect mitochondrial function, reducing the ROS burden that erodes telomeres. A 2023 study further found that Amla polyphenols protect against cognitive impairment via the Nrf2 pathway — activating the cell's master antioxidant gene regulation system, with downstream benefits across multiple tissue types including liver, kidney, and neural tissue. 1
Amla's use as a hair tonic is one of Ayurveda's most enduring and universally practised applications — and one with a direct mechanistic connection to the cellular longevity science. Hair follicle stem cells have among the highest telomerase activity of any tissue in the body; telomere shortening and oxidative damage in follicle stem cells is a documented contributor to hair greying and follicle miniaturisation (the hallmark of androgenetic alopecia). 5 The 2022 PMC review confirms Amla contains essential fatty acids that penetrate deep into follicles, strengthening roots and nourishing the scalp — alongside Vitamin C that is essential for collagen synthesis in the follicle dermal papilla. The antioxidant protection provided by emblicanins and gallic acid directly protects follicle stem cells from oxidative stress — providing a mechanistic bridge between the telomere biology and the traditional hair Rasayana classification. In SupaHair, Amla (Amalaki) pairs with Bhringaraj (Eclipta prostrata) — which promotes melanin production — and Brahmi — which reduces cortisol (a driver of hair loss) — for a comprehensive, multi-mechanism hair wellness formula. 1
The DNA Evidence at a Glance
The Usharani et al. (2019) double-blind crossover RCT and the Guruprasad et al. (2017) clinical study together provide the most direct human evidence for Amla's DNA and cellular ageing protection. 45
Amla's DNA & Cellular Longevity — Human Study Evidence
Traditional Use & Modern Dosage
Amla is equally effective as a food and as a medicine — and the classical Ayurvedic tradition uses it as both simultaneously. The fresh fruit is intensely sour and astringent when raw, but transforms to a sweet aftertaste — the classical sour taste that is said to "rekindle digestive fire" followed by the sweet post-digestive effect that nourishes tissues.
| Form | Traditional Preparation | Typical Dose / Use |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh Fruit | 1–2 fresh Amla fruits eaten daily; may be sprinkled with rock salt and black pepper to reduce tartness | Daily general Rasayana; highest emblicanin content when fresh |
| Powder (Churna) | Dried fruit powder in warm water, honey, or ghee — the most traditional prepared form; emblicanins are heat-stable | ½–1 tsp (2–4 g) daily; morning on empty stomach or with honey for Rasayana use |
| Amalaki Rasayana | Amla cooked with honey, ghee and spices into a preserve — the classical Rasayana preparation used in the clinical studies | 1–2 tsp daily; the form specifically studied for telomerase and DNA repair effects |
| Standardised Extract | Polyphenol-standardised extract (typically containing emblicanins A & B, gallic acid); the form used in metabolic RCTs | 500 mg–1 g/day; form used in T2DM platelet and metabolic studies |
| As Triphala Component | 1:1:1 blend of Amalaki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki — Amla provides the antioxidant and Pitta-cooling dimension of Triphala | ½–1 tsp Triphala powder = full Amla benefits alongside the synergistic Haritaki and Bibhitaki |
Supaveda Products with Amla
Amla features in four Supaveda products — each harnessing a different dimension of its remarkably broad therapeutic profile:
Amla is the antioxidant anchor of SupaImmune — its emblicanins and heat-stable Vitamin C complex providing the most potent natural free-radical protection available in any plant food, directly supporting immune cell function (Vitamin C is essential for neutrophil activity and T-cell proliferation), protecting immune cell DNA from oxidative damage, and reducing the inflammatory burden that impairs immune response. Alongside Guduchi (direct immunostimulant), Ashwagandha (stress-driven immune suppression reducer), and Shatavari (shatavaroside-mediated immune activation), Amla provides the antioxidant shield within which the other herbs' immune-stimulating actions can operate most effectively.
In SupaHair, Amla's role is threefold: its Vitamin C complex supports collagen synthesis in the follicle dermal papilla (essential for hair shaft strength); its essential fatty acids penetrate follicle cells, nourishing the root environment; and its antioxidant protection specifically guards follicle stem cells from the oxidative damage that drives both hair greying and follicle miniaturisation. The telomerase-activating and DNA-protective properties of Amla are directly relevant here: hair follicle stem cells require active telomerase to sustain their continuous renewal cycle. Paired with Bhringaraj (melanin-supporting) and Brahmi (cortisol-reducing) — the three herbs address hair wellness from the cellular, pigmentation, and hormonal dimensions simultaneously.
Amla (Amalaki) is the Pitta-cooling, antioxidant-dominant fruit of the Triphala trio — providing the emblicanins, gallic acid, and Vitamin C complex that anchor the formula's extraordinary antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacity. In Triphala, Amla's antioxidant action works synergistically with Haritaki's chebulinic acid (precursor to urolithin A via gut microbiome) and Bibhitaki's lipid-lowering saponins to produce a formula whose cellular protective effects exceed what any individual fruit achieves alone. The DNA-protective and telomerase-activating properties of Amla are present in every dose of Triphala.
Amla is the foundational ingredient of Chyawanprash — classically it forms the base of the preparation, with all other herbs cooked within or alongside it. In Supa Life, Amla's heat-stable emblicanins ensure the formula retains its extraordinary antioxidant potency through processing. It provides the Vitamin C complex that makes Chyawanprash one of the most potent natural immune formulas ever devised, the Medhya Rasayana properties that sustain cognitive vitality, and the anti-ageing cellular protection that is the deepest purpose of the classical Rasayana tradition.
Safety & Precautions
Amla is a food with millennia of safe daily consumption by hundreds of millions of people and is widely considered one of the safest herbs in Ayurveda. The double-blind RCT (PMC6926135) confirmed a good safety profile with no significant adverse effects at 500 mg polyphenol extract. 4
Please note
- Blood thinners: Amla has mild antiplatelet activity — confirmed in the T2DM crossover RCT. Those on anticoagulants (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) should maintain consistent intake and inform their healthcare provider, as Amla may enhance antiplatelet effects. 7
- Antidiabetic medications: Amla lowers blood glucose through multiple mechanisms. Those on insulin or oral hypoglycaemics should monitor blood glucose when significantly increasing intake. 6
- Iron absorption: Like all tannin-rich foods, very large quantities of Amla may reduce iron absorption if taken simultaneously with iron-rich meals or iron supplements. Take Amla away from iron supplementation by at least 1–2 hours.
- Cold constitutions (Vata excess): Amla's cooling (Sheeta) potency can aggravate conditions of cold and dryness. Those with pronounced Vata constitutions or active cold conditions should take Amla with warm water and a pinch of ginger or black pepper to offset the cooling effect.
- Pregnancy: Amla at food amounts is safe and widely consumed during pregnancy in India. Therapeutic supplementation doses should be discussed with a healthcare provider during pregnancy.
Key Takeaways
Evidence-backed bullet points:
Described in Indian mythology as the first tree on Earth — the primary ingredient in Chyawanprash, one of three Triphala fruits, and the foremost Medhya Rasayana (brain and tissue rejuvenative)
Double-blind RCT: significant reduction in 8-OHdG — the gold-standard urinary biomarker of oxidative DNA damage — demonstrating direct protection of cellular genetic material
Human clinical study: Amalaki Rasayana significantly increases telomerase activity in aged volunteers (45–60 years) — reactivating the enzyme that maintains telomere integrity with age
Double-blind placebo-controlled study: preserved DNA strand break repair capacity in aged individuals — maintaining the body's ability to repair UV and oxidative DNA damage that normally declines with age
Emblicanins A & B — Amla's unique heat-stable Vitamin C complexes — retain potency in warm preparations (unlike raw ascorbic acid) and have 3× the antioxidant potency of free Vitamin C in standardised assays
Amla polyphenols (punigluconin, pedunculagin) reduce LDL cholesterol oxidation by up to 90% in macrophage studies — the mechanism that prevents oxidised LDL from forming atherosclerotic plaques
2016 study: Amla increases mitochondrial biogenesis and spare respiratory capacity — improving the efficiency of the cellular energy system that generates ROS, thereby reducing oxidative burden at its source
2023 meta-analysis of RCTs: significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides confirmed across multiple independent clinical trials in adults with metabolic disease
The telomerase-activating and DNA-protective properties of Amla are directly relevant to hair follicle stem cells — which depend on active telomerase for their continuous renewal cycle
Excellent safety record — one of Ayurveda's safest herbs; mild antiplatelet activity (inform GP if on anticoagulants); take away from iron supplements; safe daily food for most adults throughout life
References
- Gul, M., Liu, Z.W., Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Rabail, R., Faheem, F., Walayat, N., Nawaz, A., Shabbir, M.A., Munekata, P.E.S., Lorenzo, J.M. and Aadil, R.M. (2022) 'Functional and nutraceutical significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): a review', Antioxidants (MDPI), 11(5), p.816. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050816. PMC9137578. PMID: 35624683. [Primary 2022 review; emblicanin A & B heat-stable Vitamin C complex; LDL oxidation 90% reduction; cardiovascular protection; gallic acid HMG-CoA inhibition; essential fatty acids in follicles; comprehensive phytochemistry].
- Halim, M., Halim, A. and Sahoo, J. (2023) 'Phyllanthus emblica: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, p.1288618. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1288618. PMC10637531. [2023 Frontiers review; 20+ confirmed pharmacological activities; antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidaemic; tannin and flavonoid phytochemistry; Nrf2 activation mechanism].
- Krishnaveni, M. and Mirunalini, S. (2010) 'Therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla): the Ayurvedic wonder', Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 21(1), pp.93–105. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp.2010.21.1.93. PMID: 20506691. [Vayastha (age-maintainer) and Dhatri (sustainer of dhatus) Sanskrit designations; Charaka Samhita classification as foremost Medhya Rasayana; Phalottama designation; mythological "first tree"; Chyawanprash primary ingredient documentation].
- Usharani, P., Fatima, N. and Muralidhar, N. (2019) 'Clinical evaluation of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Amla) in healthy human subjects: health benefits and safety results from a randomized, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled study', Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 33, pp.217–227. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.007. PMC6926135. [Primary RCT; significant reduction in 8-OHdG urinary DNA damage biomarker; vWF and endothelial function improvement; TBARS oxidative stress reduction; platelet aggregation; safety confirmed; mechanism: ellagitannin metabolites absorbed by cell tissues enhance antioxidant protection; BER activation].
- Guruprasad, B., Sathyaprabha, T.N., Jagannath Rao, B.B. and Kalyan Kumar, B.G. (2017) 'Effect of Amalaki Rasayana on telomere length and telomerase activity', Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 8(4), pp.257–261. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.002. PMC5797507. PMID: 29162369. [Primary: telomerase activity significantly increased in PBMC of aged volunteers (45–60 yrs) after 45 days; telomere length unchanged (maintenance rather than lengthening); DNA repair preservation component]. Also: Vishwanatha G.S. et al. (2016) 'Amalaki Rasayana — DNA strand break repair study', Journal of Ethnopharmacology — double-blind, placebo-controlled; UV-induced DNA strand break repair capacity maintained in aged individuals.
- Setayesh, L., Haghighat, N., Rasaei, N., Rezaei, M., Casazza, K., Nadery, M., Yamrali, I., Zamani, M. and Asbaghi, O. (2023) 'The impact of Emblica officinalis (Amla) on lipid profile, glucose, and C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 17(3), p.102729. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102729. PMID: 36934568. [Meta-analysis of RCTs; significant reductions total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides; T2DM fasting glucose reduction; Walia 2015 clinical study in T2DM cited].
- Khanna, S., Das, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Roy, S. and Sen, C.K. (2015) 'Supplementation of a standardized extract from Phyllanthus emblica improves cardiovascular risk factors and platelet aggregation in overweight/class-1 obese adults', Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(4), pp.415–420. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0178. PMID: 25271982. [Randomised crossover T2DM platelet aggregation; 500 mg/day emblicanin A & B, punigluconin, pedunculagin; single and repeated dose both significant; anti-thrombotic confirmation].
- Yamamoto, H., Morino, K., Mengistu, L., Ishibashi, T., Kiriyama, K., Ikami, T. and Maegawa, H. (2016) 'Amla enhances mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant systems in a murine skeletal muscle cell line', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, p.1735381. doi: 10.1155/2016/1735381. PMC5004016. [Mitochondrial biogenesis and spare respiratory capacity increase; antioxidant system upregulation; direct mitochondrial health mechanism linking to ROS-telomere damage reduction].
- Ngamkitidechakul, C., Jaijoy, K., Hansakul, P., Soonthornchareonnon, N. and Sireeratawong, S. (2010) 'Antitumour effects of Phyllanthus emblica L.: induction of cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of in vivo tumour promotion and in vitro invasion of human cancer cells', Phytotherapy Research, 24(9), pp.1405–1413. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3127. PMID: 20878680. [Anticancer: cancer cell apoptosis; tumour promotion inhibition; invasion inhibition — preclinical].
- Li, C., Long, P., He, M., Han, F., Jiang, W., Li, Y., Hu, Y. and Wen, X. (2023) 'Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit polyphenols improve acute paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment and anxiety via Nrf2 pathway', Journal of Functional Foods, 110, p.105884. [2023 Nrf2 pathway activation; cognitive protection; antioxidant master-regulator upregulation; neuroprotective mechanism confirmation].